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Mexico and the North

What moves between Mexico, the USA and Canada

Goods go north and south, money goes south, people go both ways, and the peso keeps score. These are the long series, as far back as each agency publishes them.

Trade

In 1993, the year before NAFTA, goods trade between the two countries came to $81.5 billion. In 2025 it reached $871.6 billion. The USA has bought more from Mexico than it sells there every year since 1995.

Goods trade between the USA and Mexico, 1985 to 2025
U.S. imports from MexicoU.S. exports to MexicoUS$ billions, nominal

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Goods trade between the USA and Mexico, 1985 to 2025U.S. exports to and imports from Mexico, billions of dollars.0200400600198519901995200020052010201520202025NAFTAWTO ChinaUSMCA

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Trade in Goods with Mexico (public domain)

The U.S. goods balance with Mexico, 1985 to 2025
USA sells more than it buysUSA buys more than it sellsUS$ billions

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The U.S. goods balance with Mexico, 1985 to 2025U.S. exports minus imports with Mexico; below zero means the USA buys more than it sells.-200-150-100-500198519901995200020052010201520202025

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Trade in Goods with Mexico (public domain)

Data table
YearU.S. exports, US$ bnU.S. imports, US$ bnBalance, US$ bn
198513.619.1-5.5
198612.417.3-4.9
198714.620.3-5.7
198820.623.3-2.6
198925.027.2-2.2
199028.330.2-1.9
199133.331.12.1
199240.635.25.4
199341.639.91.7
199450.849.51.3
199546.362.1-15.8
199656.874.3-17.5
199771.485.9-14.5
199878.894.6-15.9
199986.9109.7-22.8
2000111.3135.9-24.6
2001101.3131.3-30.0
200297.5134.6-37.1
200397.4138.1-40.6
2004110.7155.9-45.2
2005120.2170.1-49.9
2006133.7198.3-64.5
2007135.9210.7-74.8
2008151.2215.9-64.7
2009128.9176.7-47.8
2010163.7230.0-66.3
2011198.3262.9-64.6
2012215.9277.6-61.7
2013226.0280.6-54.6
2014241.0295.7-54.7
2015236.5296.4-60.0
2016230.2293.5-63.3
2017243.6312.7-69.1
2018266.0343.7-77.7
2019256.7356.1-99.4
2020212.5323.5-111.0
2021277.2382.6-105.4
2022327.0452.0-125.0
2023324.4472.9-148.5
2024334.5503.1-168.6
2025337.3534.3-197.0

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Trade as a share of Mexico's economy, 1960 to 2025
Trade, % of GDP%

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Trade as a share of Mexico's economy, 1960 to 2025Exports plus imports of goods and services as percent of GDP.0%20%40%60%80%100%19601965197019751980198519901995200020052010201520202025GATTNAFTA

Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (updated 8 Oct 2026; CC BY 4.0)

Money

Remittances, the money Mexicans abroad send home, grew from $4.4 billion in 1995 to $65.1 billion in 2025. Foreign direct investment came to $44.6 billion in 2025.

Remittances received by Mexico, 1979 to 2025
RemittancesUS$ billions

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Remittances received by Mexico, 1979 to 2025Personal remittances received, billions of dollars.020406019791980198519901995200020052010201520202025

Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (updated 8 Oct 2026; CC BY 4.0)

Foreign direct investment into Mexico, 1970 to 2025
FDI net inflowsUS$ billions

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Foreign direct investment into Mexico, 1970 to 2025Net inflows of foreign direct investment, balance of payments, billions of dollars.02040197019751980198519901995200020052010201520202025NAFTA

Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (updated 8 Oct 2026; CC BY 4.0)

Data table
YearRemittances, US$ mFDI net inflows, US$ m
1970312
1971307
1972178
1973457
1974509
1975458
1976732
1977327
1978658
19791771,332
19801,0392,090
19811,2203,078
19821,2261,901
19831,3912,192
19841,5611,542
19851,6161,984
19861,7712,400
19871,9852,634
19882,4392,879
19892,7933,174
19903,0982,634
19913,0304,762
19923,7004,393
19933,9794,389
19944,12210,972
19954,3689,526
19964,9499,186
19975,54612,830
19986,50112,757
19996,64913,941
20007,52518,382
200110,14630,060
200211,02920,160
200316,65418,158
200419,86225,143
200522,74225,162
200626,54322,129
200727,51731,020
200827,08229,772
200922,89319,653
201022,76830,534
201124,19023,895
201224,05718,232
201323,97650,930
201425,55728,439
201526,82536,252
201629,32938,902
201732,92333,161
201836,52637,870
201939,83430,128
202043,97831,616
202155,06735,625
202261,45839,211
202366,23830,716
202467,90845,509
202565,08744,582

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People

In 2024, 11.3 million people born in Mexico lived in the USA, about 8.6% of Mexico's own population that year. People move both ways: 824 thousand people born in the USA lived in Mexico.

People born in Mexico living in the USA, 1990 to 2024
Born in Mexico, living in the USAmillions

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People born in Mexico living in the USA, 1990 to 2024International migrant stock at mid-year, millions.051019901995200020052010201520202024
The other direction, and Canada, 1990 to 2024
Born in the USA, living in MexicoBorn in Mexico, living in CanadaBorn in Canada, living in Mexicothousands

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The other direction, and Canada, 1990 to 2024Migrant stock in thousands: people born in the USA living in Mexico; born in Mexico living in Canada; born in Canada living in Mexico.020040060080019901995200020052010201520202024

Sources: UN DESA Population Division, International Migrant Stock 2024 (CC BY 3.0 IGO) · World Bank, World Development Indicators (updated 8 Oct 2026; CC BY 4.0)

Data table
DestinationBorn in19901995200020052010201520202024
USAMexico4,506,0177,065,2419,245,92011,171,40011,895,92711,938,90811,177,05211,279,561
MexicoUSA225,566280,285353,209511,789731,017768,225799,179823,502
CanadaMexico18,06425,05834,29648,14379,53294,00391,284103,620
MexicoCanada4,2024,9475,8366,8157,98310,03112,58714,431

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The peso

Since the new peso of 1993, the dollar has gone from 3.12 pesos (the 1993 average) to 19.24 (the 2025 average). Each crisis on the timeline shows up here as a step.

Pesos per U.S. dollar, 1993 to 2025
Pesos per dollarpesos

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Pesos per U.S. dollar, 1993 to 2025Official exchange rate, yearly average, pesos per dollar.0510152019931995200020052010201520202025199520082020

Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (updated 8 Oct 2026; CC BY 4.0)

Data table
YearTrade, % of GDPPesos per dollar
196020.20.0125
196119.00.0125
196218.70.0125
196318.30.0125
196417.50.0125
196517.20.0125
196616.50.0125
196715.90.0125
196816.40.0125
196916.80.0125
197017.40.0125
197116.40.0125
197216.90.0125
197317.90.0125
197419.00.0125
197516.50.0125
197618.40.0154
197720.50.0226
197821.50.0228
197923.60.0228
198022.40.0230
198122.10.0245
198224.10.0564
198327.10.1201
198425.70.1678
198524.30.2569
198629.60.6118
198731.31.3782
198838.82.2731
198938.32.4615
199038.52.8126
199135.83.0184
199235.63.0949
199326.23.1156
199429.23.3751
199543.76.4194
199647.87.5994
199746.57.9185
199848.09.1360
199948.09.5604
200049.99.4556
200144.79.3423
200245.29.6560
200348.710.7890
200452.011.2860
200552.610.8979
200654.510.8992
200755.310.9282
200856.411.1297
200954.613.5135
201059.312.6360
201162.212.4233
201264.313.1695
201362.712.7720
201464.113.2925
201570.415.8483
201675.718.6641
201777.018.9265
201880.219.2443
201977.519.2636
202076.921.4856
202183.120.2724
202288.820.1273
202373.717.7587
202475.418.3049
202579.919.2375

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Still to come

Direct investment in both directions (U.S. companies in Mexico and Mexican companies in the USA), trade with Canada, tourism and border crossings. Each will be added with its source when we have read it, not before.